To achieve favorable outcomes in breeding programs, selection of parents based on General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) is so important. In order to study the genetic parameters, general and specific combining abilities and the type of disease resistance genes action against take-all disease in bread wheat, 6 wheat genotypes (729, 1622, 2109, 1528, 1546 and 1526) were CROSSed in one-way diallel CROSS. Seeds of F1 generations (F1s) and parents were planted in the research greenhouse of Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Iran and take-all disease tolerance, stem and root dry weights, tiller number and elements such as manganese (Mn), zink (Zn), potassium (K) and iron (Fe) concentrations in plant tissue were measured. The results of Griffing ANALYSIS showed that general and specific combining abilities were significant for all traits except tiller number and K element. In terms of Take-all disease resistance, the best general combiners were 1622 and 729 genotypes, respectively. The best resistant hybrids were 2109×1546, 546×1528 and 1622×1526 that had the highest specific combining ability. Evaluation of genetic parameters by Hayman method for disease index and disease score confirmed the results of Griffing ANALYSIS and showed that the dominance and over dominance of gene actions had the greatest importance in genetic control of the resistance to take-all disease (T-41 isolation). Finally, due to low narrow sense heritability and low genetic ratio in resistance to take-all disease, it can be concluded that selection for resistance to take-all disease does not respond well in early generations, so selection after purity, that done by bulk, single-seed descent and double haploid methods can be effective in wheat breeding.

The ethical actions are important because of the priority of the mission goal and their close relationship with social progress and development. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the identification and social ANALYSIS of these types of actions among the verses of revelation and it deals with the effect of ethical actions in the production of social capital in the process of progress based on religious teachings and answers these questions based on the Quranic teachings. What IMPACT do ethical actions (behavior) have on the formation of social progress? How do moral actions generate social capital and influence progress (development)? What coordinates, examples and dimensions does this group of actions have? What are the effects and consequences of this group of actions? Those actions that are desirable and progressive in the development of social interactions have been socially studied, analyzed and searched by using the inductive content ANALYSIS method. Honesty, trustworthiness and fulfillment of an obligation, altruism (Arabic: إیثار, self-sacrifice), asking forgiveness or istighfār (Arabic: استغفار ʾistiġfār), and forgiving others, kindness, non-violence, chastity and purity, patience and honesty and benevolent actions combined with social supervision have been discussed, which lead to sincerity, togetherness, coherence and expansion of social interactions and emotional relationships far from hatred and warm and emotional relationships and as a result, it causes the production of social capital and its improvement and will lead to the density of actions focused on purpose and excellence that are necessary for progress.

Purpose: Due to the great damage that Corona has inflicted on the tourism industry, neglecting the future of tourism marketing can pose a serious challenge to this industry and economy and have irreparable consequences. The purpose of this study is to identify key factors, drivers and future scenarios of the tourism marketing.Method: The present study is applied-developmental in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in nature and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of methodology. The method of this research is scenario writing using MicMac software to identify key drivers and scenarios with Wizard scenario software.Findings: First, the future trends and meta-trends of post-corona tourism marketing were identified, of which 41 key trends and 8 meta-trends were identified. According to experts, 19 key factors in the future of tourism marketing in post- corona were identified using the CROSS-IMPACT ANALYSIS and questionnaire completion. Then, using the CROSS-IMPACT ANALYSIS questionnaire and with the help of the Wizard scenario software, two groups of favorable and unfavorable scenarios were identified.Conclusion: Based on the research results, there are two favorable scenarios and two unfavorable scenarios that can help marketing and tourism policy-makers and decision-makers to take into account the effective factors and scenarios proposed for proper planning of industry in the post-Corona era.

Background and Objectives: Maritime transportation plays an important role in the development of trade due to advantages such as low cost and high volume of cargo handling. Therefore, creating the necessary conditions for the development of maritime transportation is of high strategic and economic importance. Ensuring maritime safety is an inherent duty and requirement of international maritime conventions for port countries and in this regard, dredging operations are carried out by countries to provide and maintain sufficient depth in waterways and ports. In addition to the necessity of dredging for ensuring maritime safety, dredging operations and increasing the depth of waterways are also of great importance for the commercial and economic development of countries. Nowadays, in the maritime industry, considering the global approach to economies of scale, large ships are used to reduce cargo transportation costs. Therefore, ensuring sufficient depth for the navigation of large vessels has become an important factor in the competitiveness of ports. Consequently, port dredging operations have a role beyond a governmental duty in ensuring the safe passage of ships and are considered as a fundamental requirement for increasing the share and position of countries in the maritime transport industry, requiring long-term management and planning to achieve strategic goals in the commercial and economic development of countries. In Iran, there are various challenges in carrying out dredging operations, especially in maintenance dredging. Increasing productivity and reducing operational challenges require a comprehensive and long-term planning approach. Since the main indicator of a long-term strategic plan is comprehensiveness, identifying effective factors related to port dredging operations and analyzing the IMPACT and susceptibility of each factor are fundamental components. Therefore, this article attempts to identify and determine effective, influential, and dependent factors in the issue of port dredging using the structural ANALYSIS method. Methods: The present study, is practical in terms of purpose. Initial data collection, was conducted using an online questionnaire and open-ended interviews with authorities and experts in the field of dredging. The extracted topics and challenges of dredging were categorized in final Delphi sessions into 5 categories and ultimately, influential and critical factors in the issue of port dredging were identified and determined by using the method of CROSS IMPACT ANALYSIS and the MICMAC software. Findings: The CROSS-IMPACT ANALYSIS shows that the legal and contractual issues as well as human resources are among the most effective factors on dredging management, which have the least dependency on other factors, and as the most critical indicators, the system status and changes are highly influenced by them. "Technical-engineering improvement of dredging operations" is also another effective factor in the system, which can play a key role in the system's performance in the short-term and long-term. On the other hand, the most important outputs of the system (factors with the highest dependency) are "maintaining the safety of ports and waterways" and "continuity and development of maritime trade", which are very sensitive to the evolution of the influential and dual variables. "Control and reduction of negative dredging IMPACTs" has also been identified as a highly dependent factor belonging to system outputs. Conclusion: Identifying the issues that have the greatest IMPACT on improving the efficiency of dredging operations and at the same time have a high degree of modifiability, helps the authorities and stakeholders to have appropriate prioritization of the issues and challenges ahead and plan the allocation of capital and time to solve them based on the main priorities.

Value Added Tax (VAT) which its Act has been approved and executed during the last few years for some firms in Iran, is one of the forms of indirect-taxes known and has implications for economic indices including employment. Since considering positive and negative implications of any new policy is requisite for gaining more success in executing that policy, it is necessary to investigate VAT law performance in different countries. This study aims to investigate the relation between VAT execution and employment. The method used is dynamic panel data (OGMM) and the statistic sample covers 27 countries including 11 non-OECD and 16 OECD countries. Results show that the IMPACT of VAT law execution on employment is 0.089 in non-OECD and 0.04 in OECD countries. Therefore the IMPACT in the two groups of countries is both positive and statistically significant. It is also concluded that other forms of taxation have IMPACTs of -0.014 and -0.029 for non-OECD and OECD countries respectively. So it could be said that VAT has a positive IMPACT on employment while other forms of taxation result in decreasing it.

The traditional method for studying non-stationary signals is spectrogram based on the short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The well known limitation of the STFT is the inherent trade-off between time and frequency resolution. The Wigner-Ville (WV) distribution has the best time-frequency resolution, but its draw back is generating CROSS-terms. The matching pursuit (MP) distribution based on using the Gaussian atom is always positive, does not include CROSSterm, and has convenient resolution. In this paper, we have shown in addition to the known properties, the MP distribution can also remove the additive noise inherently. On the other words, we are able to remove the noise just by limiting the algorithm iterations and without paying any additional cost. Although the MP distribution based on using the Gaussian atoms is always positive and it has convenient resolution, according to the MP the time marginal and the frequency marginal will not be obtained accurately. In this paper, it has been shown that by implementing the minimum CROSS entropy (MCE) technique according to the MP distribution as a priory positive distribution, the new extracted distribution has the most similarity to the MP distribution and it also satisfies the correct time and frequency marginal.

ABSTRACTDuring the last century, ports of Persian Gulf become the most important storage, refining and transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products and also, business activities. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, the IMPACT of port activities on the development of urban spaces will be different, and this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. The purpose of this research is to identify the key variables affecting the relations and spatial structure of port-city in Dubai as the most thriving and successful port-city in the Persian Gulf. This research is based on deductive reasoning and carried out by ANALYSIS of CROSS effects with secondary data (results of other prominent articles) and also primary data (questionnaire). sampling method is based on purposive sampling and Micmac software was used to analyze the data. Output of Micmac software shows the position of the instability of the system. Therefore, the position of each variables in the conceptual model can be categorized to driver, linkage, dependent, and autonomous factors. The research findings indicate 4 variables (like as “income, cost and investmnets in port-city”) can be introduced as a driver factor, 5 variables (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in the port”) can be introduced as a linkage factor, 6 variables (like as “quality of living environment and desirable city”) can be introduced as a dependent factor, 3 variables (like as “environmental protection and sustainable development of the city-port”) can be introduced as an autonomous factor. The rapid development of Dubai can be explained by the purposeful distribution of revenues from trade and tourismExtended AbstractIntroductionDuring the last century, ports of Persian Gulf become the most important storage, refining and transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products and also, business activities. The global increase in oil demand since the 1950s led to the creation of discovery of new oil wells and large industrial areas. With the construction of new oil or gas facilities in the port areas, increasing oil revenues contributed to the countries of the Persian Gulf region and form a new geographical relationship between ports and coastal cities which had an IMPACT on the spatial structure and relation of them. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, the IMPACT of port activities on the development of urban spaces will be different, and this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. In the 1950s, Containerization (container loading technology) was based in some of the world's ports and created a huge transformation in the shipping industry, which had a significant IMPACT on the development of ports. Although the ports of the Persian Gulf have made a significant contribution to the economic growth and physical development of other ports in the world, but few researches have been done on the variables and factors affecting the development of the spatial structure of the important ports of the Persian Gulf. This region, due to its unique geographical location, has always been considered as a most important corridor in the field of economic and transportation throughout history. Some of the most important energy and commercial ports in this region are: Dubai, Manama, Kuwait, Dammam, Doha, Bushehr, Bandar-Abbas and Assaluyeh. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to identify the key variables affecting the relations and spatial structure of port-city in Dubai as the most thriving and successful port-city in the Persian Gulf. MethodologyThis research is based on deductive reasoning and carried out by ANALYSIS of CROSS effects with secondary data (results of other prominent articles) and also primary data (questionnaire). The method used in this research is quantitative and the sampling method is based on purposive sampling. the variables affecting the spatial structure of port-city relations were identified in the form of a review of 31 prominent articles. 25 experts (who had comprehensive knowledge and information about the development process of the city-port of Dubai) participated to determine the effectiveness or influence of variables. Finally, the output of data ANALYSIS was done by the Micmac software. Results and discussionOutput of Micmac software shows the position of the variables in the diagram that it indicates their status in the system and their role in the dynamics and changes of the system. The method of distribution and dispersion of the variables in the spatial structure of port-city relations indicates the instability of the system. Therefore, based on the output of the system, the position of each variables in the conceptual model can be identified in five categories (driver, linkage, dependent, autonomous and regulatory variables). According to the results, some variables such as “the changes in the strategic positions” and “geopolitics of port-city”, “the modification of the management method” and “regional planning of the ports”, “the promotion of local governance in the relations between port-city” and “the way of national and international management of ports have been introduced as driver variables. On the other hand, five variables consist of “advanced multimodal transportation in the port” and “income, cost and investment in the port-city”, “the contrast and physical integration of the port - city space”, “the development of various industrial and production activities in the ports and their local hinterland” and “their qualities Financial and commercial policies of ports” have been introduced as linkage variables. Findings of research also shows that some variables consist of “quality of living environment and desirable city”, “quantity and quality of transit corridors (rail, road and air) to hinterland”, “construction and launching the new port (sea port or dry port)”, “terminal facilities and infrastructure and warehousing”, “conflict or convergence between the city and the port” and “increase in population growth rate and migration to the port - city” categorized as dependent variables. Three variables including “cultural and historical background of ports”, “use of cheaper energy, Less-polluted, clean and renewable energies in the city-port” and “environmental protection and sustainable development of the city-port” categorized as autonomous variables. Finally, a variable with the title of “improvement in management and information technology and development in loading, unloading and storage of commodities” have been introduced as regulatory variables. The findings of this research have a remarkable similarity with other researches carried out in the field of city-port relation and clearly emphasize the direct IMPACT of the "investment in port-city" in the development of them. For example, Grossmann (2008) emphasized that city-port of Hamburg has become one of the largest ports in Northern Europe during the last few decades due to huge domestic and foreign investment. ConclusionThis research carried out in order to introduce and explain the key variables affecting the development of the spatial structure of the port-city of Dubai. On this basis, 21 variables have been extracted by systematic reviews of prominent articles. In the following, 25 experts were selected with the purposive sampling method. Among the 21 variables extracted, 4 variables (like as “geopolitics of port-city”) introduced as a driver factor, 5 variables (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in the port”) introduced as a linkage factor, 6 variables (like as “quality of living environment and desirable city”) introduced as a dependent factor, 3 variables (like as “environmental protection and sustainable development of the city-port”) introduced as an autonomous factor. The rapid development of Dubai can be explained by the purposeful distribution of revenues from trade and tourism. A part of these revenues has been directed towards investment in important transportation infrastructures such as airports and ports of this city. These strategies have a wide IMPACT on improving the economic growth of the city and the development of the port in order to adapt with the global trade and advanced technologies. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Movement is basically guaranteed by three components of the system, such as the vehicle, the driver, and the transportation infrastructure. Over time, vehicles and infrastructure have made significant progress through technological improvements. But the only constant component of this system, which is still dangerous due to human limitations in driving is human. The proposed human solution to solve this component is the use of autonomous vehicle or driverless car. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the CROSS influence ANALYSIS of actors on the effective factors of autonomous vehicle or driverless car technologies so that by focusing on them, appropriate arrangements can be made for this technology. According to the problem paradigm, the methodology is qualitative, and the method of doing it is foresight, and the research population is experts in related industries. MACTOR software was used for ANALYSIS. The results of the research showed that actors such as the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, according to their position in the diagram, are part of the reflection and key variables. These variables have a high influence on the system and high dependence of the system. According to the results, since the driverless car is a technology that will have social, cultural and technological effects on the future, with the created clustering, it is possible to have an appropriate policy in implementing this technology.